Nursing Professional Development Certification (NPD-BC) Practice Exam

In research, what is it called when the method of selecting subjects leads to a cohort that is not representative of the target population?

1. Sampling bias

2. Confirmation bias

3. Nonresponse bias

4. Information bias

The correct answer is: Sampling bias

Sampling bias occurs when the method used to select participants for a study leads to a sample that does not accurately reflect the characteristics of the overall population it aims to represent. This can result from various factors, such as using non-random selection methods, convenience sampling, or certain inclusion criteria that inadvertently exclude significant portions of the population. When sampling bias is present, it compromises the validity and generalizability of the research findings, since conclusions drawn from the biased sample may not apply to the broader audience. This concept is critical in research methodology, as ensuring a representative sample is fundamental to obtaining reliable and applicable results. Understanding sampling bias helps researchers design better studies and interpret their results more accurately.