Nursing Professional Development Certification (NPD-BC) Practice Exam

According to Rita and Kenneth Dunn's learning styles model, which element does NOT affect learning?

1. Environmental

2. Emotional

3. Imaginative

4. Psychological

The correct answer is: Imaginative

In Rita and Kenneth Dunn's learning styles model, the elements that influence learning include environmental, emotional, and psychological factors. These elements play a significant role in how individuals absorb and process information. The environmental factor refers to aspects such as light, noise, temperature, and classroom setup, which can either enhance or hinder a learner's ability to focus and learn effectively. Emotional factors involve the learner's motivation, attitude, and stress levels, all of which can impact engagement and retention. Psychological factors pertain to the individual's cognitive processes, including their preferred ways of understanding and interpreting information. The imaginative element is not traditionally recognized as a core aspect of the Dunn learning styles model. While imagination may contribute to creativity and problem-solving in learning, it does not directly correlate with the structured aspects of environmental, emotional, and psychological influences as defined by Dunn and Dunn. Therefore, it is the element that does not affect learning in the context of this model.